PMI / Standards : ASTM E 1476 : ASTM E 572
This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that the product meets specifications. It provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to assure product quality. The analytical performance data included may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular spectrometer has changed. Nondestructive methods have the potential for monitoring grade during production on a continuous or statistical basis.
This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that the product meets specifications. It provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to assure product quality. The analytical performance data included may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular spectrometer has changed. Nondestructive methods have the potential for monitoring grade during production on a continuous or statistical basis.
Proceq
Pundit is a de facto industry standard brand and widely recognized as the first commercial field (on-site) device to measure Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity. Proceq acquired Pundit in 2009 and later launched the popular Pundit Lab and Pundit Lab+
Pundit is a de facto industry standard brand and widely recognized as the first commercial field (on-site) device to measure Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity. Proceq acquired Pundit in 2009 and later launched the popular Pundit Lab and Pundit Lab+
Ultrasonic testing (UT) / STANDARDS : ISO 11666 ;SIO 17640 ; EN 583 ; ASTM E 213
applies to the testing of full penetration ferritic steel welds, with thicknesses from 8 mm to 100 mm. It can also be used for other types of welds, materials and thicknesses, provided the tests have been performed with necessary consideration of the geometry and acoustic properties of the component, and an adequate sensitivity can be employed to enable the acceptance levels of this document to be applied.
This practice2 covers a procedure for detecting discontinuities in metal pipe and tubing during a volumetric examination using ultrasonic methods. Specific techniques of the ultrasonic method to which this practice applies include pulse-reflection techniques, both contact and non-contact.
applies to the testing of full penetration ferritic steel welds, with thicknesses from 8 mm to 100 mm. It can also be used for other types of welds, materials and thicknesses, provided the tests have been performed with necessary consideration of the geometry and acoustic properties of the component, and an adequate sensitivity can be employed to enable the acceptance levels of this document to be applied.
This practice2 covers a procedure for detecting discontinuities in metal pipe and tubing during a volumetric examination using ultrasonic methods. Specific techniques of the ultrasonic method to which this practice applies include pulse-reflection techniques, both contact and non-contact.
Radiography test (RT) / ASME sec.V. Article 2
Radiographic Testing (RT) is a nondestructive examination (NDE) technique that involves the use of either x-ray, produced by an X-ray tube, or gamma rays, produced by radioactive isotope to view the internal structure of a component. It is based on the principle that radiation is absorbed and scattered as it passes through an object. If there are variations in thickness or density (e.g. due to defects) in an object, more or less radiation passes through and affects the film exposure. Gamma-ray sources as Iridium – 192 and Selenium – 75
Radiographic Testing (RT) is a nondestructive examination (NDE) technique that involves the use of either x-ray, produced by an X-ray tube, or gamma rays, produced by radioactive isotope to view the internal structure of a component. It is based on the principle that radiation is absorbed and scattered as it passes through an object. If there are variations in thickness or density (e.g. due to defects) in an object, more or less radiation passes through and affects the film exposure. Gamma-ray sources as Iridium – 192 and Selenium – 75
PWHT / STANDARD : ASME B31.3
Post weld heat treatment is a controlled process in which a material that has been welded is reheated to a temperature below its lower critical transformation temperature, and then it is held at that temperature for a specified amount of time.
Post weld heat treatment is a controlled process in which a material that has been welded is reheated to a temperature below its lower critical transformation temperature, and then it is held at that temperature for a specified amount of time.
PWHT / STANDARD: ASME B31.3
These recommended practices describe several methods of applying controlled heat to weld joints and a limited volume of base metal adjacent to the joints, as opposed to heating the complete weldment in a furnace or oven.
These recommended practices describe several methods of applying controlled heat to weld joints and a limited volume of base metal adjacent to the joints, as opposed to heating the complete weldment in a furnace or oven.
Holiday detector / STANDARD : ASTM G62
These test methods cover the apparatus and procedure for detecting holidays in pipeline type coatings. Method A is designed to detect holidays such as pinholes and voids in thin-film coatings from 0.025 to 0.254 mm (1 to 10 mils) in thickness using ordinary tap water and an applied voltage of less than 100 V d-c. It is effective in films up to 0.508 mm (20 mils) thickness if a wetting agent is used with the water. It should be noted, however, that this method will not detect thin spots in the coating. This may be considered to be a nondestructive test because of the relatively low voltage. Method B is designed to detect holidays such as pinholes and voids in pipeline coatings; but because of the higher applied voltages, it can also be used to detect thin spots in the coating. This method can be used on any thickness of pipeline coating and utilizes applied voltages between 900 and 20 000 V d-c.2 This method is considered destructive because the high voltages involved generally destroy the coating at thin spots.
These test methods cover the apparatus and procedure for detecting holidays in pipeline type coatings. Method A is designed to detect holidays such as pinholes and voids in thin-film coatings from 0.025 to 0.254 mm (1 to 10 mils) in thickness using ordinary tap water and an applied voltage of less than 100 V d-c. It is effective in films up to 0.508 mm (20 mils) thickness if a wetting agent is used with the water. It should be noted, however, that this method will not detect thin spots in the coating. This may be considered to be a nondestructive test because of the relatively low voltage. Method B is designed to detect holidays such as pinholes and voids in pipeline coatings; but because of the higher applied voltages, it can also be used to detect thin spots in the coating. This method can be used on any thickness of pipeline coating and utilizes applied voltages between 900 and 20 000 V d-c.2 This method is considered destructive because the high voltages involved generally destroy the coating at thin spots.
Penetrant testing (PT) / STANDARDS : ISO 3452 ;BS EN 10288
This European Standard defines the application of factory-applied external two-layer extruded polyethylene-based coatings for the corrosion protection of tubes and pipeline components. External extruded polyethylene coating can be used for the protection of buried or submerged tubes service at temperatures up to + 60 °C for type 1 and + 30 °C for type 2. The coatings in this standard can be applied to longitudinally or spirally welded and to seamless steel tubes and components used for the construction of pipelines for conveying liquids or gases. Tubes coated with this type of coating may be further protected by means of cathodic protection.
This European Standard defines the application of factory-applied external two-layer extruded polyethylene-based coatings for the corrosion protection of tubes and pipeline components. External extruded polyethylene coating can be used for the protection of buried or submerged tubes service at temperatures up to + 60 °C for type 1 and + 30 °C for type 2. The coatings in this standard can be applied to longitudinally or spirally welded and to seamless steel tubes and components used for the construction of pipelines for conveying liquids or gases. Tubes coated with this type of coating may be further protected by means of cathodic protection.
Ferrite test / Standart; API 5824
guidelines and practices for welding and welding-related topics for shop and field fabrication, repair and modification of the following: a) pressure-containing equipment such as pressure vessels, heat exchangers, piping, heater tubes, and pressure boundaries of rotating equipment and attachments welded thereto; b) tanks and attachments welded thereto; c) non-removable internals for process equipment; d) structural items attached and related to process equipment; e) other equipment or component items when referenced by an applicable purchase document.
guidelines and practices for welding and welding-related topics for shop and field fabrication, repair and modification of the following: a) pressure-containing equipment such as pressure vessels, heat exchangers, piping, heater tubes, and pressure boundaries of rotating equipment and attachments welded thereto; b) tanks and attachments welded thereto; c) non-removable internals for process equipment; d) structural items attached and related to process equipment; e) other equipment or component items when referenced by an applicable purchase document.